Introducing a clause that is the object of a verb, especially a reporting verb or verb expressing belief, knowledge, perception, etc.
He told me that the book is a good read.
Introducing a clause that is the subject of a verb, especially the 'be' verb or a verb expressing judgement, opinion, etc.
It is almost certain that she will come.
Introducing a clause that complements an adjective or passive participle.
I'm sure that you are right.
The (thing, person, idea, etc) indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote physically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction.
That book is a good read. This one isn't.
The thing, person, idea, quality, event, action, or time indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote geographically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction.
That's my car over there.
In a relative clause, referring to a previously mentioned noun, as subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition; which, who.
To a given extent or degree.
Here's the measurement – the ribbon must be that long, no longer and no shorter.
To a great extent or degree; very, particularly.
I was seen quite quickly — I didn't have to wait that long.
Something being indicated that is there; one of those.
As such, they do not have the ontological weight of "Being" and "Not-being," but serve simply as an explanatory vocabulary necessary to describe our world of thises and thats.
From Middle English that, from Old English þæt (“the, that”, neuter definite article and relative pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Cognate to Scots that, Saterland Fr...
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I didn't see the car that hit me.
To such an extent; so.
Ooh, I was that happy I nearly kissed her.